| abr | of |
| ach | do, does |
| adurna | water |
| agaetí | celebration |
| aí | a |
| Aiedail | The Morning Star |
| älfa | elf |
| älfr | he |
| älfrs | his |
| älfrinn | she |
| älfrinns | her's |
| andlát | death |
| aptr | backward |
| arget | silver |
| Argetlam | Silver Hand |
| Arucane | Endless Fire, Living Fire |
| äenora | broad |
| atra | may, let |
| beor | bear |
| bjart | bright |
| Bjartskular | |
| blaka | flap/flapper |
| blödh | blood |
| Blödhgarm | Blood-wolf |
| blödhren | blood-oath |
| blöthr | halt, stop |
| böetk | broad |
| böllr | a round object, an orb |
| brakka | reduce |
| breoal | family, house |
| brisingr | fire |
| brun | brow |
| brunhvitr | white-browed |
| burthr | birth |
| burthro | born (past tense of birth) |
| celöbra | honor |
| celöbreya | honors |
| Dagshelgr | Hallowed Day |
| dag | day |
| datia | mists |
| dauth | death |
| dauthleikr | mortal |
| deloi | earth |
| delois | a green-leafed plant with purple flowers |
| deyja | die |
| domia | dominance |
| dras | city |
| draumr | dream |
| Dröttning | Queen |
| Dröttningu | Princess (Not the exact translation according to Arya) |
| du | the |
| dunei | love |
| dvergr | Dwarf (plural. dvergar) |
| ebrithil | master |
| einradhin | v. resolved |
| Edoc'sil | unconquerable |
| edur | a tor, prominence |
| eitha | go, leave |
| ekar | oaken |
| eka | I, me |
| Elda | gender-neutral honorific of great praise |
| eldrvarya | burning |
| eld hórnya | listeners |
| eld jeirda | breaker |
| eld moi | changer |
| Eldunarí | heart of hearts |
| elrun | thank |
| eom | to |
| ero | was |
| er | is |
| esterni | good fortune |
| ethgri | invoke |
| evarínya | stars |
| eyddr | v. empty |
| eyreya | ears |
| fairth | picture (more specifically, a picture taken by magical means) |
| flauga | fly (v.) |
| frá | from |
| fram | forward |
| fricai | friend plural. fricaya |
| fells | mountains |
| fethr | feather |
| fethrblaka | bird (literally feather-flapper) |
| Finiarel | an honorific phrase for a young man of great promise |
| freohr | death |
| fyrn | war |
| finna | find |
| gala | chant, sing, scream, yell, etc. |
| gánga | go |
| garjzla | light |
| garm | wolf |
| gata | path, passage |
| gath | v. unite |
| Gedwëy | shining |
| gëuloth | v. dull |
| grind | gate |
| gülia | luck |
| haldthin | thornapple |
| haina | harm |
| heill | heal |
| helgr | hallowed, sacred |
| Helgrind | The Gates of Death |
| hjarta | heart |
| hlaupa | run |
| hljödhr | silent |
| hugin | thought or knowledge |
| huildr | hold |
| hvass | sharp |
| hvitr | white |
| iet | my (informal) |
| ignasia | palm |
| ilia | happy |
| ilian | happiness |
| ilumëo | truth |
| istalri | flame |
| jierda | break, hit |
| kalfya | calves |
| knifr | knife |
| kvetha | greetings |
| kveykva | lightning |
| kvaedhi | script |
| kvistr | branch |
| kodthr | catch |
| kόpa | stare |
| kona | woman |
| könungr | king |
| kyn | kind (as in race, mankind, elfkind, etc.) |
| lam | hand |
| laufsbläd | leaf (plural. laufsblädar) |
| lethr | leather |
| Lethrblaka | a full-grown Ra'zac (literally leather-flapper), a bat |
| letta | stop (imperative) |
| Letta du Bullts! | Stop the bullets! |
| liduen | poetic |
| Liduen-Kvaedhi | Poetic Script used by elves to write the Ancient Language |
| líf | life |
| lífa | live |
| lífs | life's |
| losna | release, loosen |
| ma'mor | unlock |
| maela | quiet |
| malthinae | to bind or hold in place; confine |
| manin | memory |
| moi | change |
| mor'amr | open |
| mor'ranr | peace |
| nagz | blanket |
| nalgask | a mixture of beeswax and hazelnut oil used to moisten the skin |
| Nángoröth | Blasted |
| neo | not |
| nosu | us |
| nuanen | beautiful |
| ono | you (Your; onr) |
| orono | or |
| hethr | has |
| oro | arrow, plural. orya |
| orúm | serpent |
| pömnuria | my (formal) |
| rakr | mist |
| ramr | strong |
| raudhr | red |
| rauthr | misfortune |
| reisa | raise/lift |
| ren | oath |
| reona | reaper |
| rïsa | rise (imperative) |
| seithr | witch |
| sé | may |
| sem | that |
| Shur'tugal | Dragon Rider (plural. Shur'tugalar) |
| Silbena | Sighing |
| sitja | stay |
| sja | look, looking |
| skölir | shield (plural skoliar) |
| sköliro | shielded |
| skul | scale (plural. skular) |
| skulblaka | Dragons, scale flapper (literally) |
| solus | sun |
| sundavrblaka | The Beast, shadow flapper |
| slytha | sleep |
| snalglí | giant snail |
| stenr | stone |
| stydja | rest, stay, remain |
| sundavar | shadows |
| sverd | sword (plural. sverdar) |
| Svit-kona | a formal honorific phrase for an elf woman of great wisdom |
| taka | give |
| tauthr | follow |
| taune | take |
| thelduin | v. rule over, v. reign |
| thorna | those |
| thornessa | this |
| thringa | rain |
| thrysta | thrust, compress |
| Togira | cripple |
| treavam | tree |
| un | and |
| unin | in |
| undir | under |
| vandr-fodhr | ill-marked |
| vanta | lack, need |
| vanyali | magic (elf in dwarvish) |
| varda | watch over, guard |
| Varden | The Warders |
| vardo | warded |
| vel | easily |
| ven | sight |
| vindr | air, wind, twist, compress |
| vinr | friend |
| Vinr-Alfakyn | Elf-Friend |
| vodhr | a male honorific of middling praise |
| vöndr | a thick, straight stick |
| vollar | plains, fields, ground |
| Vor | a male honorific for a close friend |
| vrangr | wandering, awry |
| welden | forest |
| wilae | will |
| wiol | for |
| waíse | be |
| weohnata | will |
| wyrda | fate |
| Wyrdfell | elven name for the Forsworn |
| yawë | a bond of trust |
| Zar'roc | misery |
Phrases Edit
| Ancient Language | English |
|---|---|
| Agaetí Blödhren | Blood-oath Celebration |
| Ach neo eitha orono ie wilae yauna onr lifa | Do not go or I will take your life. |
| Aí varden abr du Shur'tugalar gata vanta. | A warden of the Riders lacks passage. |
| älfr ach thornessa | He does this |
| älfrinn ero aí koma ramrsja | She was a strong-looking woman. |
| Atra du evarínya ono varda, Däthedr-vodhr. | May the stars watch over you, honored Däthedr. |
| Atra esterní ono thelduin, Eragon Shur'tugal. | May good fortune rule over you, Eragon Dragon Rider. |
| Atra esterní ono thelduin. Mor'ranr lífa unin hjarta onr. Un du evarínya ono varda. | May good fortune rule over you. Peace live in your heart. And the stars watch over you. (an Elven greeting) |
| Atra gülai un ilian tauthr ono un atra ono waíse skölir frá rauthr. | May luck and happiness follow you and may you be a shield from misfortune. (Eragon's mis-translated blessing) |
| Atra gülai un ilian tauthr ono un atra ono waíse sköliro frá rauthr. | May luck and happiness follow you and may you be shielded from misfortune. |
| Atra nosu waíse vardo fra eld hórnya. | May we be warded from listeners. |
| boetq istalri! | Broad fire! |
| Brakka du vanyali sem huildar Saphira un eka! | Reduce the magic that holds Saphira and me! |
| Brisingr, iet tauthr. | Fire, follow me. |
| Brisingr raudhr! | Red fire! |
| Deloi moi! | Earth, change! |
| Domia abr Wyrda | Dominance of Fate (book) |
| Draumr kópa | dream stare (spell for scrying) |
| Du deloi lunaea. | Smooth the earth/dirt. |
| Du Fells Nángoröth | The Blasted Mountains |
| Du Fyrn Skulblaka | The Dragon War (Dragons vs. Elves) |
| Du grind huildr! | Hold the gate! |
| Du Namar Auroboda. | The Banishing of the Names. |
| "Du Silbena Datia" | "The Sighing Mists" (a poem song) |
| Du Súndavar Freohr | Death of the Shadows |
| Du Völlar Eldrvarya | The Burning Plains |
| Du Vrangr Gata | The Wandering Path (literally, The Path Wandering) |
| Du Weldenvarden | The Guarding Forest |
| Eka eddyr aí Shur'tugal... Shur'tugal... Argetlam. | I am a Dragon Rider... Dragon Rider... Silver Hand. |
| Eka aí fricai un Shur'tugal! | I am a Rider and a friend! |
| Eldhrimmer O Loivissa nuanen, dautr abr deloi/Eldhrimmer nen ono weohnataí medh solus un thringa/Eldhrimmer un fortha onr fëon var/Wiol allr sjon. | Grow O beautiful Loivissa, daughter of the earth/Grow as you would with the sun and rain/Grow and put forth your flower of the spring/For all to see. |
| Eyddr eyreya onr! | Empty your ears! (deafening spell, most likely irreversible) |
| Fethrblaka, eka weohnata néiat haina ono. Blaka eom let lam. | Bird, I will not harm you. Flap to my hand. |
| Fricai Andlát | death friend (a poisonous mushroom) |
| Fricai onr eka eddyr. | I am your friend. |
| Gala O Wyrda brunhvitr/Abr Berundal vandr-fodhr/Burthro lausblädar eja undir/Eom kona dauthleikr... | Sing O white-browed Fate/Of ill-marked Berundal/Born under oaken leaves/To mortal woman... |
| Ganga aptr | Go backward. |
| Ganga fram | Go forward. |
| Garjzla, letta! | Light, stop! (same as empty your ears but with one's eyes and getting blinded.) |
| Gath sem oro un lam iet | Unite that arrow with my hand. |
| Gath un reisa du rakr! | Unite and raise the mist! |
| Gedwëy ignasia | shining palm |
| Gëuloth du knífr! | Dull the Knife! |
| Jierda theirra kalfis! | Break their calves! |
| Kuldr, rïsa lam iet un malthinae unin böllr. | Gold, rise to my hand and bind into an orb. |
| Kvetha Fricai | Greetings, friend. (Fricaya is used for the plural of friend, I.E. when greeting multiple people) |
| Letta orya thorna! | Stop those arrows! |
| Liduen Kvaedhí | Poetic Script |
| Losna kalfya iet | Release my calves. |
| Manin! Wyrda! Hugin! | Memory! Fate! Thought! |
| Moi stenr! | Stone, change! |
| Nagz reisa! | Blanket, rise! |
| Nen ono weohnata, Arya Dröttningu. | As you will, Princess Arya. |
| Osthato Chetowä | the Mourning Sage |
| Reisa du adurna. | Raise/Lift the water. |
| Ristvak'baen | Place of Sorrow (baen—used here in Urû'baen, the capital of the Empire—is always pronounced bane and is an expression of great sadness/grief) |
| Sé mor'ranr ono finna | May you find peace. |
| Sé onr sverdar sitja hvass! | May your swords stay sharp! (Note: Sverð, in Icelandic, also means sword, sitja means to sit, and hvass means sharp.) |
| Sé orúm thornessa hávr sharjalví lífs. | May this serpent have life's movement. |
| Skölir nosu fra brisingr! | Shield us from fire! |
| Skulblaka, eka celöbra ono un malabra ono un onr Shur'tugal né haina. Atra nosu waíse fricai. | Dragon, I honor you and mean you and your Rider no harm. Let us be friends. |
| Stenr reisa! | Raise stone! |
| Stenr, rïsa! | Stone, rise! |
| Stydja unin mor'ranr, Hrothgar Könungr. | Rest in peace, King Hrothgar. |
| Thorta du ilumëo! | Speak the truth! |
| Thrysta adurna | Compress the water. |
| Thrysta deloi | Compress the earth. |
| Thrysta vindr | Compress the air. |
| Thverr stenr un atra eka hórna! | Traverse stone and let me hear! |
| Togira Ikonoka | The Cripple Who Is Whole |
| Tuatha du orothrim | Tempering the fool's wisdom (level in the Riders' training) |
| Vel eïnradhin iet ai Shur'tugal. | Upon my word as a rider. |
| Vinr Älfakyn | Elf Friend |
| Waíse heill! | Be healed! |
| Waíse neiat! | Be not! |
| Wiol ono. | For you. |
| Wiol pömnuria ilian. | For my happiness |
Such as:
- Fethrblaka = bird/Feather-Flapper
- Lethrblaka = Ra'zac's mounts/Leather-Flapper/ bat
- Skulblaka = Dragon/Scale-Flapper
- Sundavrblaka = Shadow-Flapper
Also, the word sundablaka—shadowflapper—appears in the Eragon movie.
Sentence construction Edit
Descriptions are placed after the object they describe. The most common mistake made by people trying to speak the Ancient Language is to place adjectives before nouns.Example: "Aí skulblaka ramr" means "a strong dragon", but literally translates as "a dragon strong".
Unlike in English, descriptions can be placed in any order following the object. Example: "Aí oro ramr hvitr" (a strong, white arrow) can also be rendered as "aí oro hvitr ramr" (a white, strong arrow).
Aside from descriptions, the structure of a sentence in the Ancient Language is usually the same as it would be in English. Example: "Gath un reisa du rakr" would literally translate as "unite and raise the mist". No restructuring of the sentence is required.
There are no participles (e.g. walking, swimming) in the Ancient Language. Verbs are either past simple (e.g. walked, swam), present simple (e.g. walk, swim) or future simple (e.g. will walk, will swim). Example: "I am following" would have to be rendered as "I follow" (Eka tauthr) in the Ancient Language; "I was following" as "I followed" (Eka tauthro) and "I will be following" as "I will follow" (Eka weohnata tauthr).
When two nouns are joined together to form a single noun, the descriptive noun comes first, as it does in English. Example: "Fethrblaka" (bird) is a combination of the nouns "fethr" (feather) and "blaka" (flapper).
Prefixes Edit
äf-: gives words a malignant connotation. For example, "taka" (give) becomes "äftaka" (steal).eld-: changes verbs into words of action. For example, "jierda" (break) becomes "eld jierda" (breaker).
Suffixes Edit
-ar: pluralises nouns ending on consonants. If the noun already ends with "r", place an "a" before it. For example, "draumr" (dream) becomes "draumar" (dreams). However, if the noun already has a vowel before the "r", the suffix "-ya" is used. For example, "edur" (tor) becomes "edya" (tors).-í: changes verbs ending with any letter (except for "i" and "r") to past tense. For example, "haina" (harm) becomes "hainaí" (harmed).
-o: forms the past tense of verbs ending with "i" and "r". For example, "skölir" (shield) becomes "sköliro" (shielded).
-r: gives nouns a masculine connotation. For example, "älf" (elf) becomes "älfr" (male elf), which is also he.
-s: makes nouns possessive. For example, "könungr" (king) becomes "könungrs" (king's).
-sja: adds "-looking" to the end of adjectives. For example, "ramr" (strong) becomes "ramrsja" (strong-looking).
-ya: pluralises nouns ending on vowels. It also replaces the last vowel. For example, "agaetí" (celebration) becomes "agaetya" (celebrations). If the "-ya" interferes with the word's pronunciation, the vowel it would normally replace isn't removed. The vowels "a" and "i" are usually changed to "e". For example, "celöbra" (honour) becomes "celöbreya" (honours).
| a | aí |
| am | eddyr |
| and | un |
| are | eru |
| backward | aptr |
| be | waíse |
| did | achí |
| do | ach |
| does | ach (the same as "do") |
| for | wiol |
| forward | fram |
| from | fra |
| have | hávr |
| in | unin |
| is | er |
| let | atra |
| may | sé |
| not | néiat |
| of | abr |
| that | sem |
| the | du |
| this | thornessa |
| those | orya |
| to | eom |
| under | undir |
| up | audr |
| upon | vel |
| was | ero |
| were | erní |
| will | weohnata |
| with | medh |
Pronouns Edit
| English | Ancient Language |
|---|---|
| All | allr |
| I | eka |
| he | älfr |
| his | älfrs |
| me | eka |
| my (formal) | pömnuria (Informal; iet) |
| who | iknol |
| she | älfrinn |
| their | theirra |
| they | therr |
| those | thorna |
| us | nosu |
| you | ono |
| your | onr |
Nouns
| English | Ancient Language |
|---|---|
| air | vindr |
| arrow | oro |
| banishing | aurboda |
| bat | lethrblaka, literally "leather flapper" |
| bird | fethrblaka, literally "feather flapper" |
| blanket | nagz |
| blood | blödh |
| blue, deep-throated lily that grows in the Empire | loivissa |
| bond of trust | yawë |
| Brightscales | Bjartskular (honorific title for dragons) |
| brow | brun |
| cactus found near Helgrind | talos |
| calves (as in cow) | kalfya |
| calves (as in leg) | kalvis |
| celebration | agaetí |
| city | dras |
| cripple | togira |
| daughter | dautr |
| day | dag |
| death | anglát, freohr, dauth |
| dominance | domia |
| Dominance of Fate (book) | Domia abr Wyrda |
| dragon | skulblaka, literally "scale flapper" |
| Dragon Rider | Shur'tugal |
| dream | draumr |
| dwarves | dvergar |
| ears | eyreya |
| earth | deloi |
| elf | älfa |
| elf-kind | älfakyn |
| elf-woman | älfa-kona |
| fabric made by cross-weaving wool and nettle threads | lámarae |
| family or house | breoal |
| fate | wyrda |
| feather | fethr |
| flame | istalrí |
| flower | fëon |
| fire | brisingr |
| fool's wisdom | orothrim |
| forest | welden |
| Forsworn | Wyrdfell |
| friend | fricai, vinr |
| gate | grind |
| gold | kuldr |
| good fortune | esterní |
| greetings | Kvetha |
| Hallowed Day | dagshelgr |
| hand | lam |
| harm | haina |
| happiness | ilian |
| heart | hjarta |
| heart of hearts | Eldunarí |
| hell | hel |
| ill | vandr |
| king | könungr |
| knife | knifr |
| leaf | laufsbläd |
| leather | lethr |
| life | líf |
| life's (as a genetive noun) | lifs |
| light | garjzla |
| lightning | kveykva |
| elven liqueur | faelnirv |
| luck | guliä |
| magic | vanyali, gramarye |
| master | ebrithil |
| memory | manin |
| misery | zar'roc |
| misfortune | rauthr |
| mist | rakr, datia |
| mixture of beeswax and hazelnut used to moisten the skin | nalgask |
| mourning | Chetowä |
| Morning Star | Aiedail |
| mortal | dauthleikr |
| mountain | fell |
| movement | sharjalví |
| name | nama |
| oath | ren |
| orb | böllr |
| palm | ignasia |
| path | gata |
| peace | mor'ranr |
| picture created through magic | fairth |
| Place of Sorrow | Ristvak’baen |
| plains | völlar |
| poison | eitrum |
| princess | drötningu |
| purple-flowered plant | delois |
| rain | thringa |
| sage | osthato |
| scale | skul |
| script | kvaedhi |
| serpent | orúm |
| shadow | súndav |
| shield | skölir |
| silver | arget |
| Silver hand | Argetlam |
| sorrow | baen |
| Spine | Carthungavë |
| Spring | vara |
| stars | evarínya |
| stick | vöndr |
| stone | stenr |
| sun | solus |
| sword | sverd |
| The Burning Plains | Du Völlar Eldrvarya |
| The Dragon War | Du Fyrn Skulblaka |
| The Guarding Forest | Du Weldenvarden |
| the morning star | Aiedail |
| The Sighing Mists (a poem song) | Du Silbena Datia |
| The Wandering Path | Du Vrangr Gata |
| The Warders | Varden |
| thornapple | haldthin |
| thought | hugin |
| tree | traevam |
| truth | thorta |
| type of bonding between a dragon and Rider | indlvarn |
| prominence | edur |
| war | fyrn |
| warden | varden |
| water | adurna |
| witch | seithr |
| wolf | garm |
| word | eïnradhin |
| woman | kona |
Verbs and Adjectives Edit
| English | Ancient Language |
|---|---|
| awaken | vakna |
| beautiful | nuanen |
| bind | malthinae |
| blasted (as in cursed) | nángoröth |
| baby | burthr |
| born | burthro |
| break; hit | jierda |
| bright | bjart |
| brighten | naina |
| broad | böetq |
| burn | eldrvarya |
| catch | kodthr |
| change | moi |
| die | deyja |
| dull | gëuloth |
| empty | eyddr |
| find | finna |
| flap | blaka |
| fly | flauga |
| follow | tauthr |
| go | gánga |
| hallowed | shelgr |
| halt | blöthr |
| happy | ilia |
| harm | haina |
| healed | heill |
| hear | hóna |
| hide | frethya |
| hold | huildr |
| honour | celöbra |
| ill | vandr |
| invoke | ethgrí |
| lack | vanta |
| leave | eitha |
| live | lífa |
| marked | fodhr |
| mean | malabra |
| mourning | osthato |
| need | vanta |
| oaken | ekar |
| poetic | liduen |
| quiet | maela |
| raise | reisa |
| red | raudhr |
| reduce | brakka |
| release | losna |
| rest | stydja |
| rise | rïsa |
| rule | thelduin |
| run | hlaupa |
| scale | skul |
| see | sjon |
| sharp | hvass |
| shining | Gedwëy |
| sighing | silbena |
| silent | hljödhr |
| sing | gala |
| sleep | slytha |
| smooth | lunaea |
| speak | ilerneo |
| stare | kópa |
| stay | sitja |
| steal | äftaka |
| stop | letta |
| strong | ramr |
| take | taka |
| temper | tuatha |
| thank | elrun |
| thicken | thaefathan |
| thrust | thrysta |
| traverse | thverr |
| unconquerable | edoc'sil |
| under | undir |
| unite | gath |
| unlock | ma'mor |
| wandering | vrangr |
| ward | vard |
| warded | vardo |
| warders | varden |
| watch | varda |
| white | hvitr |
| whole | ikonoka |
Prefixes and suffixes Edit
| Ancient Language | English |
|---|---|
| Alfa-kona | elf woman (may be used as a suffix) |
| Elda | a gender-neutral honorific suffix of great praise, attached with a hyphen. |
| Finiarel | an honorific suffix for a young man of great promise, attached with a hyphen. |
| Svit-kona | a formal honorific for an “alfa-kona” of great wisdom. |
| Vodhr | a male honorific suffix of middling praise, attached with a hyphen. |
| Vor | a male honorific for a close friend |
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